Light-emitting diode printed circuit boards also known as LED PCBs are the unsung heroes of modern lighting. These are compact boards that act as the brain and brawn behind LEDs and control their function for efficient light output.
At their core, LED PCBs are like miniature circuit boards with specific designs for LEDs. They typically come with a non-conductive substrate (often fibreglass) laminated with copper traces. These traces are like tiny electrical pathways and deliver current to the LED chip, the light-emitting component.
The complexity of an LED PCB depends on the application. Simpler PCBs may just have a few components – resistors to regulate current, and solder points to make connection with the LED. More advanced PCBs are widely used in high-power LEDs
or colour-changing strips. They might incorporate additional components like voltage regulators, capacitors for efficient current flow, and integrated circuits for
controlling complex lighting effects.
Here are some key functions of LED PCBs:
Current Regulation: LEDs are sensitive to current. Too much current supply
can burn them out, while insufficient current means in dim light. Resistors on the PCB can limit the current flowing through the LED and ensure optimal operation.
Power Distribution: PCBs are designed to distribute power from the source (driver) to individual LEDs on the board and ensure all LEDs receive the necessary current for uniform brightness.
Heat Management: LEDs generate heat during operation. The LED PCB manufacturers have designed PCBs to incorporate heat dissipation features like copper planes or thermal vias and transfer heat away from the LED chip. This prevents overheating and extends lifespan.
LED PCBs play a crucial role in the functionality, efficiency, and lifespan of LED lighting. They have a compact size, design flexibility, and the ability to handle various components.